A single-board computer (SBC) is a miniature computer that integrates a microprocessor, memory, and interface components onto a single circuit board. It was included in the definition of technical terms in the third edition of “Computer Science Terminology” in 2018 [1]. It has a compact structure and low power consumption. Typical representatives include Raspberry Pi and Orange Pi series products, which are widely used in education programming, smart home hubs, and industrial control fields [4].
This type of computer adopts a microprocessor core architecture and is commonly found in embedded systems and industrial applications. For example, the MIO-2364 model from Advantech supports DDR5-4800 memory and display interfaces (with the highest resolution of 1920×1080 for LVDS and 4K for HDMI), while the MIO-5154 model is equipped with 12th-generation Intel processors and supports independent triple display interfaces [2-3]. In the aerospace and vehicle equipment fields, CPCI architecture embedded single-board computers are used in control systems in harsh environments [5].
The global market size of single-board computers reached 2.133 billion US dollars in 2021 and is expected to grow to 2.902 billion US dollars by 2028. The technological breakthrough of the RISC-V architecture has driven the development of this field. In 2021, Starlight, the world’s first RISC-V AI single-board computer based on Linux, was launched by Sifive, equipped with a dual-core 64-bit processor and compatible with the OpenHarmony operating system [6-7]. Domestic chip solutions such as the Quanzhi D1 development board achieve a consumer-level price of 599 yuan, reducing the technical entry barrier [6].