A permanent magnet synchronous motor is a type of synchronous motor that uses permanent magnets to generate a magnetic field. The rotational speed of the rotor in this motor is synchronized with the frequency of the current in the stator windings.
A permanent magnet synchronous motor consists of components such as the stator, rotor, and end cover. The stator is similar to that of an ordinary induction motor, using a laminated structure to reduce iron loss during operation. The rotor can be made solid or can be laminated [9]. The armature winding can be of a centralized equal pitch type, or a distributed short pitch type and unconventional types [11].
The working principle of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is based on the interaction between the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator and the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets on the rotor. The rotor is equipped with pre-magnetized permanent magnets, which can generate a strong magnetic field when rotating, thereby providing a greater output torque. The motor’s control system precisely regulates the current to ensure that the motor rotor can rotate synchronously with the rotating magnetic field, maintaining a stable operating state [8].
The permanent magnet synchronous motor is a widely used type of motor, with advantages such as high efficiency, good dynamic response performance, and low noise [10]. It is widely applied in electric vehicles, robots, and other fields that require high efficiency, high dynamic performance, and low noise.